Artur Zawisza Square

Artur Zawisza Square is a public square in Warsaw's borough of Ochota. It is named after Artur Zawisza, a 19th-century Polish revolutionary who was executed on the spot by Russians in 1833. Currently a major roundabout at the intersection of Jerusalem Avenue, Raszyńska, Grójecka and Towarowa Streets, for centuries its spot was occupied by the so-called Jerusalem Toll-house or Jerusalem Gate. The Jerusalem Toll-house was created in 1770, as a toll-house on the road leading from downtown Warsaw towards the jurydyka of Nowa Jerozolima ("New Jerusalem") and the Kraków Road (modern Grójecka Street). The spot was chosen for a gate in the newly erected Lubomirski's Ramparts. Between 1816 and 1818, two Classicist buildings of the toll-house were built by Jakub Kubicki. In 1823, a square was created surrounding the new toll-houses. The area, in the 19th century still far-removed from the city centre, was a spot of particularly heavy fighting during the battle of Warsaw of 1831.